Utilidad de la quimioterapia neoadyuvante en el carcinoma vesical músculo invasivo no metastásico / Usefulness of neoadjuvant chemotherapy in non-metastatic muscle-invasive bladder cancer

Objetivo: Analizamos el perfil de pacientes candidatos a quimioterapia neoadyuvante (QTn) en estadio pT2-4aN0M0, la tolerabilidad y adherencia de nuestro protocolo basado en cisplatino y los resultados oncológicos.Material y métodosEstudio observacional de cohortes retrospectivo que incluye a pacientes con diagnóstico de carcinoma vesical músculo infiltrante tratados con QTn. Se analizaron las características clínicas, histopatológicas, terapéuticas y evolutivas de los pacientes. El uso de la QTn se evaluó mediante la respuesta completa en la pieza quirúrgica (pT0). Este y otros factores anatomopatológicos se relacionaron con la supervivencia global y el tiempo libre de progresión.ResultadosIncluimos a 90 pacientes con carcinoma vesical músculo invasivo (estadio clínico T2a-T4aN0M0) que recibieron algún esquema de QTn basado en cisplatino, entre enero de 2011 y diciembre de 2018, antes del tratamiento quirúrgico radical. El 40% de los pacientes presentaron alguna reacción adversa al tratamiento, con un cumplimiento del protocolo de QTn del 92,2%. No se presentaron muertes relacionadas con el tratamiento sistémico y ninguna reacción adversa al tratamiento imposibilitó la realización de la cistectomía radical. Tras la cistectomía radical, se objetivó la presencia de respuesta completa (pT0) en 20 pacientes (21%), un estadio inferior en pieza quirúrgica ( p = 0,012), en enfermos con afectación ganglionar respecto a pN0 (65,4 vs. 28,2 meses; p=0,014) y en aquellos con bordes quirúrgicos afectos respecto a los que presentaban márgenes libres de tumor (63,5 vs. 8,5 meses; p=0,021).ConclusiónLa selección adecuada de los pacientes con carcinoma vesical músculo infiltrante ha mostrado una buena tolerancia a la QTn, con una alta tasa de cumplimiento previo a la CR. La mejoría en la tasa de respuesta completa implica una mayor supervivencia en este grupo de pacientes. La afectación ganglionar y los bordes quirúrgicos positivos son factores pronósticos importantes. (AU)

Objective: We analyzed the profile of patients who were candidates for neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) in stage pT2-4aN0M0, the tolerability and adherence of our cisplatin-based protocol and oncological outcomes.Material and methodsRetrospective observational cohort study including patients diagnosed with muscle-invasive bladder carcinoma treated with NACT. Clinical, histopathological, therapeutic and evolutionary characteristics of the patients were analyzed. The use of NACT was evaluated by the complete response in the surgical specimen (pT0). This and other pathological factors were related to overall survival and progression-free survival.ResultsWe included 90 patients with muscle-invasive bladder carcinoma (clinical stage T2a-T4aN0M0) who received a cisplatin-based NACT regimen between January 2011 and December 2018, prior to radical surgery. Forty percent of patients presented an adverse reaction, with a compliance with the NACT regimen of 92.2%. There were no deaths related to systemic treatment and no adverse reaction to treatment made radical cystectomy impracticable. After performing radical cystectomy, the presence of complete response (pT0) was observed in 20 patients (21%), lower stage in the surgical specimen ( P=0.012), in patients with lymph node involvement compared to pN0 (65.4 vs. 28, 2 months, P=0.014) and in those with positive surgical margins compared to those with tumor-free margins (63.5 vs. 8.5 months, P=0.021).ConclusionThe adequate selection of patients with muscle-invasive bladder carcinoma has shown a good tolerance to NACT, with a high compliance rate prior to RC. The improvement in the complete response rate implies a greater survival in this group of patients, with lymph node involvement and positive surgical margins being important prognostic factors. (AU)

Usefulness of neoadjuvant chemotherapy in non-metastatic muscle-invasive bladder cancer. / Utilidad de la quimioterapia neoadyuvante en el carcinoma vesical músculo invasivo no metastásico.

OBJECTIVE: We analyzed the profile of patients who were candidates for neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) in stage pT2-4aN0M0, the tolerability and adherence of our cisplatin-based protocol and oncological outcomes. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Retrospective observational cohort study including patients diagnosed with muscle-invasive bladder carcinoma treated with NACT. Clinical, histopathological, therapeutic and evolutionary characteristics of the patients were analyzed. The use of NACT was evaluated by the complete response in the surgical specimen (pT0). This and other pathological factors were related to overall survival and progression-free survival. RESULTS: We included 90 patients with muscle-invasive bladder carcinoma (clinical stage T2a-T4aN0M0) who received a cisplatin-based NACT regimen between January 2011 and December 2018, prior to radical surgery. Forty percent of patients presented an adverse reaction, with a compliance with the NACT regimen of 92.2%. There were no deaths related to systemic treatment and no adverse reaction to treatment made radical cystectomy impracticable. After performing radical cystectomy, the presence of complete response (pT0) was observed in 20 patients (21%), lower stage in the surgical specimen (

Metástasis vaginal de carcinoma urotelial de vía urinaria superior / Vaginal metastasis of upper urinary tract urothelial carcinoma

Las metástasis vaginales de carcinomas uroteliales han sido descritas en raras ocasiones. Presentamos un caso de carcinoma urotelial de vía urinaria superior, metastatizado en vagina, en una paciente que comenzó con un cuadro de dolor en fosa renal izquierda y hematuria. La paciente fue sometida a nefroureterectomía izquierda y escisión de la lesión vaginal. Este caso revela la variabilidad en el mecanismo de diseminación de los carcinomas uroteliales

Vaginal metastases from urothelial carcinomas have been reported in rare cases. We present a case of vaginal metastasis of upper urinary tract urothelial carcinoma in a patient who presented with pain in the left renal Fossa and haematuria. The patient underwent left nephroureterectomy and excision of the vaginal injury. This case reveals variability in the mechanism of spread of urothelial carcinomas

Extrofia vesical y vejiga rectal / No disponible

No disponible

Collateral urethral duplication in an adult.

OBJECTIVE: Congenital anomalies or malformations of the urethra that involve number are extremely rare and only 7 cases of trifurcation of the urethra and under 500 cases of urethral duplication have been described. METHODS: In the case we present, urethral duplication was diagnosed in adulthood, even though glans malformation with 2 urethral orifices was clearly evident and only 1 was functional. RESULTS: The condition is usually diagnosed in childhood due to the presence of 2 urethral meatus or from double stream if both are functional; at other times, the condition is diagnosed from complications that trigger infections or obstruction or if it is associated with more extensive malformations. CONCLUSIONS: Urethral duplication is an extremely rare birth defect, and diagnosis in adulthood is even more uncommon. No single embryologic argument explains all the anatomic variants of urethral duplication. The treatment of the urethral duplication should be individualized according to the type of duplication and the clinical symtoms.

Duplicidad uretral colateral en un adulto / Collateral urethral duplication in an adult

OBJETIVO: Las anomalías o malformaciones congénitas uretrales de número son muy escasas; así, se han descrito solo siete casos de trifurcación uretral 1 y no llega a quinientos de duplicación. METODOS: En el caso que presentamos el diagnóstico se hizo en edad adulta, a pesar de que era muy evidente la malformación del glande con dos orificios uretrales, aunque solo uno de ellos funcional. RESULTADOS: Suele diagnosticarse en la infancia cuando existen dos meatos uretrales, o si son ambas funcionales por efectuar micciones con doble chorro; otras veces se diagnostican por las complicaciones que pueden desencadenar, especialmente infecciosas u obstructivas o por estar asociadas a malformaciones más extensas. CONCLUSIONES: La duplicación uretral es una malformación congénita de muy escasa frecuencia, y su diagnóstico en el adulto todavía más. No existe un argumento embriológico único que explique las diferentes variantes anatómicas de duplicidad uretral. El tratamiento de la duplicidad uretral deberá ser individualizado y dependerá del tipo de duplicidad y de la clínica que provoque (AU)

OBJECTIVE: Congenital anomalies or malformations of the urethra that involve number are extremely rare and only 7 cases of trifurcation of the urethra and under 500 cases of urethral duplication have been described. METHODS: In the case we present, urethral duplication was diagnosed in adulthood, even though glans malformation with 2 urethral orifices was clearly evident and only 1 was functional. RESULTS: The condition is usually diagnosed in childhood due to the presence of 2 urethral meatus or from double stream if both are functional; at other times, the condition is diagnosed from complications that trigger infections or obstruction or if it is associated with more extensive malformations. CONCLUSIONS: Urethral duplication is an extremely rare birth defect, and diagnosis in adulthood is even more uncommon. No single embryologic argument explains all the anatomic variants of urethral duplication. The treatment of the urethral duplication should be individualized according to the type of duplication and the clinical symtoms (AU)

Angiomiolipoma epitelioide renal / Renal epithelioid angiomyolipoma

Los angiomiolipomas epitelioides de origen renal son una variante muy infrecuente de los angiomiolipomas clásicos pero con la peculiaridad de poder presentar potencial maligno. Su diagnóstico suele ser postoperatorio, puesto que este tumor simula tanto las características clínicas como radiológicas del carcinoma de células renales. Presentamos el caso clínico de una paciente de 14 años que fue diagnosticada de esta patología como hallazgo incidental, y que tras ser sometida a nefrectomía parcial hace tres años actualmente se encuentra asintomática y sin signos de recidiva de la enfermedad (AU)

Epithelioid angiomyolipoma of renal origin are a very rare variant of the classic angiomyolipomas but with the peculiarity to present malignant potential. Its diagnosis is usually after surgery because the tumor simulates both clinical and radiological features of renal cell carcinoma. We report a case of a 14 year old patient who was diagnosed with this disease as an incidental finding, and that after she underwent partial nephrectomy for three years is currently asymptomatic with no signs of disease recurrence (AU)

[Renal epithelioid angiomyolipoma]. / Angiomiolipoma epitelioide renal.

Epithelioid angiomyolipoma of renal origin are a very rare variant of the classic angiomyolipomas but with the peculiarity to present malignant potential. Its diagnosis is usually after surgery because the tumor simulates both clinical and radiological features of renal cell carcinoma. We report a case of a 14 year old patient who was diagnosed with this disease as an incidental finding, and that after she underwent partial nephrectomy for three years is currently asymptomatic with no signs of disease recurrence.

[Pheochromocytoma: more than a decade of experience. Review of the literature]. / Feocromocitoma: más de una década de experiencia. Revisión de la literatura.

OBJECTIVES: We present 18 patients with pheochromocytoma in the past 12 years. MATERIAL AND METHODS: It is a retrospective observational study evaluating the clinical, biochemical and pathological most important. RESULTS: The mean age was 53.5 years with male predominance and monitoring of five years, being the most frequent incidental findings (29%). Four patients had a familial syndrome hereditary. The tumors were equally distributed with a bilateral case. For the clinical study was made and plasma catecholamines and metanephrines in urine for 24h and subjected to control blood pressure before surgery and beta blockers. Until the introduction of laparoscopic surgery in our department in 2003, the treatment of choice was open surgery. Transabdominal subcostal access was more frequent (47%) and average duration of 207 min. No patients showed metachronous tumors and two patients developed distant metastases to death in short time. CONCLUSIONS: Pheochromocytoma in a threatening disease by cardiovascular disease, which needs to perform an analytical and functional. Surgical treatment, by open or laparoscopic surgery, depending on the characteristics of the tumor and the patient, is satisfactory and comparable results.

Feocromocitoma: más de una década de experiencia. Revisión de la literatura / Pheochromocytoma: More than a decade of experience. Review of the literature

Objetivos: Presentamos 18 pacientes diagnosticados de feocromocitoma en los últimos 12 años. Material y métodos: Es un estudio retrospectivo observacional valorando los aspectos clínicos, analíticos y patológicos más importantes. Resultados: La edad media fue de 53,5 años con predominio masculino y un seguimiento de 5 años; siendo la consulta más frecuente el hallazgo incidental (29%). Cuatro pacientes padecían un síndrome familiar hereditario. Los tumores se distribuyeron por igual con un caso bilateral. Para el estudio clínico se solicitaron catecolaminas y metanefrinas plasmáticas y en orina de 24h, siendo sometidos a control de la tensión arterial antes de la cirugía con alfabloqueantes y betabloqueantes. Hasta la introducción de la cirugía laparoscópica en nuestro servicio en el 2003, el tratamiento de elección era la cirugía abierta. El acceso transabdominal subcostal fue el más utilizado (47%) y la duración media de 207min.Ninguno presentó tumores metacrónicos y dos pacientes desarrollaron metástasis a distancia con fallecimiento en corto espacio de tiempo. Conclusiones: El feocromocitoma en una enfermedad amenazante por su morbilidad cardiovascular, que precisa realizar un estudio analítico y funcional. El tratamiento quirúrgico, por vía abierta o laparoscópica, dependiendo de las características del tumor y del paciente, tiene resultados satisfactorios y comparables (AU)

Objectives: We present 18 patients with pheochromocytoma in the past 12 years. Material and methods: It is a retrospective observational study evaluating the clinical, biochemical and pathological most important. Results: The mean age was 53.5 years with male predominance and monitoring of five years, being the most frequent incidental findings (29%). Four patients had a familial syndrome hereditary. The tumors were equally distributed with a bilateral case. For the clinical study was made and plasma catecholamines and metanephrines in urine for 24h and subjected to control blood pressure before surgery and beta blockers. Until the introduction of laparoscopic surgery in our department in 2003, the treatment of choice was open surgery. Transabdominal subcostal access was more frequent (47%) and average duration of 207min.No patients showed metachronous tumors and two patients developed distant metastases to death in short time. Conclusions: Pheochromocytoma in a threatening disease by cardiovascular disease, which needs to perform an analytical and functional. Surgical treatment, by open or laparoscopic surgery, depending on the characteristics of the tumor and the patient, is satisfactory and comparable results (AU)

[Congenital fibroepithelial polyps of the urethra]. / Pólipos fibroepiteliales congénitos de uretra.

Urethral polyps are a rare pathology that is usually diagnosed in childhood hematuria and obstructive urinary symptoms are the most common findings and transurethral resection is the best choice of the treatment. We report three cases, a 6-years-old boy and 9-years-old boy diagnosed and treated of posterior urethral polyp after showing hematuria and obstructive urinary symptoms, and a 2-years-old girl that showed to prolapse of urethral polyp.

Cistoscopia en la bilharziasis vesical / Cistoscopy in bladder bilharziasis

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Pólipos fibroepiteliales congénitos de uretra / Congenital fibroepithelial polyps of the urethra

Los pólipos fibroepiteliales de uretra comprenden una patología infrecuente, suelen ser diagnosticados en edad pediátrica por hematuria o síndrome obstructivo bajo y requieren tratamiento quirúrgico para su resolución. Presentamos tres casos clínicos, dos varones de seis y nueve años que fueron diagnosticados y tratados de esta patología tras presentar un cuadro de hematuria franca y dificultad miccional, y una niña de dos años que debutó con clínica de prolapso de masa polipoide por uretra (AU)

Urethral polyps are a rare pathology that is usually diagnosed in childhood hematuria and obstructive urinary symptoms are the most common findings and transurethral resection is the best choice of the treatment .We report three cases, a 6-years-old boy and 9-years-old boy diagnosed and treated of posterior urethral polyp after showing hematuria and obstructive urinary symptoms, and a 2-years-old girl that showed to prolapse of urethral polyp (AU)

Penile foreign bodies.

OBJECTIVE: To describe 8 cases of penile foreign bodies. METHODS/RESULTS: We provide an essentially visual overview of various objects or foreign bodies affecting the penis. CONCLUSIONS: The presence of penile foreign bodies is rarely due to an accident. These objects are placed for a wide variety of reasons, but primarily for erotic or self-arousal purposes. The consequences of penile foreign bodies can be mild or very severe, resulting in penile amputation.